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Physical Features: East central county of partly level Blackland; southeast rolling to Post Oak Belt; Brazos, Little rivers; Alcoa Lake.

Economy: Lignite mining, aluminum, other manufacturing, agribusiness.

History: Lipan Apaches, Tonkawas and Comanches in area. Mission San Francisco Xavier established 1745–1748. Anglo-American settlers arrived in 1834 and a private fort was established in 1840 at Bryant Station to help protect the settlers from Indian raids. County created  in 1836 from municipality named for Ben Milam, a leader who died at the battle for San Antonio in December 1835; organized in 1837.

Race/Ethnicity: (In percent) Anglo, 64.44; Black, 9.62; Hispanic, 24.26; Asian, 04.3; Other, 1.26.

Vital Statistics, annual: Births, 300; deaths, 289; marriages, 118; divorces, 119.

Recreation: Fishing, hunting; historic sites include Fort Sullivan, Indian battlegrounds, mission sites; museum in old jail at Cameron, El Camino Real.

Minerals: Large lignite deposits, barite, limited oil and gas production.

Agriculture: Cattle, poultry (first in number of turkeys), corn. Market value $105.3 million.

CAMERON (5,552) county seat; government/services, manufacturing; hospital, library; dewberry festival in April.

ROCKDALE (5,595) aluminum plant, government/services; hospital, juvenile detention center.

Other towns include: Buckholts (515); Burlington (100); Davilla (191); Gause (425); Milano (428); Thorndale (1,336) agribusiness, farming, ranching, antiques, barbecue cook-off in June.

The Milam County Courthouse in Cameron. Photo by Larry D. Moore (CC).